Alcohol has an effect on almost every body organ in the short and long term. Their effect depends on its amount and duration of drinking. Alcohol causes numerous problems in the body, but it also provides a lot of energy because it is energy-rich. They affect many organs. Here we are discussing. Alcohol can disrupt transactions in the brain between nerve cells, causing short-term and long-term memory difficulties, mood disorders, and cognitive decline. The heart and circulatory system are also crucial organs at risk from excess alcohol. Chronic alcohol use can cause high blood pressure, cause the heart muscle to weaken (alcoholic cardiomyopathy), and increase the chances of stroke. Native to the skeletal system and muscles weakened from alcohol, it is known that alcohol makes bones less dense, leads to weakened muscles, and delays recovery from injury. Hormones related to alcohol also greatly discourage healthy bones and muscles.
1- Brain and Nervous System.
- Alcohol directly affects on brain and decreases its activity.
Photo by freepik - Alcohol reduces the coordination and reaction time of the human body.
- Brain shrinkage due to heavy drinking.
- Alcohol reduces the ability to concentrate.
- Alcohol causes slurred speech, blurred vision, and difficulty balancing.
- Increase the risk of mental health issues and cause anxiety, depression, etc.
- They change the chemistry of the brain.
- They also affect memory formation.
2- Heart and Blood Vessels.
- Alcohol increases heart rate temporarily.
Original AI-generated illustration by GetScienceMe – © 2025 - They increase the blood pressure due to the constriction of the blood vessels.
- They also cause irregular heartbeat.
- Irregular heartbeat threatening life.
- The heart muscle can not pump blood normally.
- They increase the chance of a heart attack.
- They also increase the risk of blood clots.
- They also cause Cardiomyopathy ( weak heart muscle).
3- Liver.
- The liver breaks down alcohol only in a fixed amount; when its amount increases, they do not function properly.
- High alcohol causes inflammation in the liver tissue.
- Inflammation in the tissue causes pain and jaundice.
- Fat builds up in the liver cells due to continuous alcohol.
- They also cause the formation of scar tissue.
- Continuously using alcohol, they damage the liver and become hard and fail its function.
- They also cause alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis.
4- Digestive System.
- Alcohol causes irritation of the stomach lining, vomiting stomach pain.
- Alcohol increases the acid production and causes acid reflux.
- Long-term use causes inflammation in the stomach tissue.
- They also cause peptic ulcers.
- Alcohol causes pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), severe pain, and digestive problems.
- Alcohol increases the risk of cancer in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas.
5- Immune System.
- Alcohol weakens the white blood cells and reduces their activity.
- White blood cells lower the body’s defense against infection.
- Chronic alcohol reduces the production of immune cells.
- Using high-level alcohol causes pneumonia, tuberculosis, and other infections.
- They also affect wound healing, decreasing it.
6- Endocrine and Hormone Effects.
- Alcohol affects the hypothelemus, disrupting the hormone regulation.
- In males, alcohol reduces testosterone and causes low libido, erectile dysfunction, and reduced muscle mass.
- In females, alcohol disrupts the menstrual cycle and causes fertility problems.
- Alcohol’s effect on insulin production increases the risk of diabetes.
- Alcohol causes PMS ( premenstrual syndrome) in females; it’s most abundant in women.
7- Mental and Social Impact.
- Alcohol’s effect on emotion and unpredictable behavior, loss of self-respect, aggression, etc.
- Alcohol affects mental health conditions they increasing the likelihood of accident cases.
- They can trigger emotional outbursts or violence.
- Alcohol makes its drinker addicted to it.
- An addictive person has a higher rate of depression, anxiety, and suicide.
- Society does not consider those who drink alcohol good and dislikes them.
8- Kidney.
- Alcohol increases urine production as a result of dehydration.
- Alcohol causes an imbalance of body salts like sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc.
- Long-term use leads to chronic disease in the kidneys when they fail.
- Alcohol increases blood pressure, and high blood pressure increases the risk of kidney damage.
- Continuously using alcohol body loss of electrolytes.
9- Skin.
- Skin is flushed or reduced due to the dilated blood vessels.
- Puffiness occurs from dehydration. Puffiness can affect various parts of the body, most commonly the face, eyes, and limbs.
- Long-term use can cause premature aging, like wrinkles, sagging skin, redness, and skin infection.
- Alcohol weakens the immune system, so many skin infections occur.
10- Muscles and Bones.
This is followed by muscle weakness, decreased strength in chronic alcohol use, muscles will waste away and become weak, a condition known as alcoholic myopathy. Athletes and those who exercise on a regular basis may find that they, too, will have delayed recovery after exercising in the hours following because alcohol increases inflammation and interferes with the body’s ability to heal process.
It disrupts hormone levels; for men, that means lower testosterone, and for women, it affects their estrogen levels as well. Decreasing hormones will decrease bone density. Decreased bone density is inhibitive in the healing process, as after fracturing bone or injuries, the healing process will decrease rapidly. All of this, alongside the fact that alcohol impairs coordination and reflexes, makes falls and fractures significantly higher risks for very heavy drinkers.
- Temporary muscle weakness and poor coordination occur.
- Long-term use loss of muscle mass and a reduction in its strength.
- Increase the risk of osteoporosis.
- Alcohol interferes with calcium absorption and vitamin D metabolism.
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